Integrasi Metodologi Hukum Islam Dan Teori Hukum Modern Dalam Studi Ketatanegaraan Islam Di Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to: (1) analyze the epistemological problems between Islamic legal methodology and modern legal theory in the study of Islamic constitutional law in Indonesia; (2) explain the integration of the two through the approaches of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, siyāsah syar‘iyyah, contextual ijtihad, and legal pluralism; and (3) examine its implications for the development of Islamic constitutional law in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research type. Data were obtained from various primary and secondary sources in the form of scientific literature, books, reputable journals, laws and regulations, legal decisions, constitutional documents, and academic works relevant to the research theme. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation studies, while data analysis used content analysis and legal hermeneutics methods to understand the meaning, context, and relevance of Islamic legal concepts and modern law in the Indonesian constitutional system. Data validity was carried out through source triangulation and critical studies of the various literature used. The results of this study indicate that the integration of Islamic legal methodology and modern legal theory can be a middle ground in bridging Islamic normative values ​​with the constitutional principles of a modern state. Maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah functions as an epistemological bridge that enables the birth of legal constructions that are just, inclusive, adaptive, and responsive to the dynamics of a pluralistic society. This integration also strengthens the legitimacy of Islamic constitutional law within the framework of a democratic state that upholds constitutional supremacy, human rights, and social justice. This study recommends the development of Islamic constitutional studies through an integrative approach oriented towards the welfare of the people, democracy, legal pluralism, constitutional stability, and the strengthening of national values ​​in the context of contemporary Indonesia.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis problematika epistemologis antara metodologi hukum Islam dan teori hukum modern dalam studi ketatanegaraan Islam di Indonesia; (2) menjelaskan integrasi keduanya melalui pendekatan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, siyāsah syar‘iyyah, ijtihad kontekstual, dan pluralisme hukum; serta (3) mengkaji implikasinya bagi pengembangan hukum tata negara Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Data diperoleh dari berbagai sumber primer dan sekunder berupa literatur ilmiah, buku, jurnal bereputasi, peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan hukum, dokumen ketatanegaraan, serta karya-karya akademik yang relevan dengan tema penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumentasi, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan metode analisis isi (content analysis) dan hermeneutika hukum untuk memahami makna, konteks, serta relevansi konsep-konsep hukum Islam dan hukum modern dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Keabsahan data dilakukan melalui triangulasi sumber dan kajian kritis terhadap berbagai literatur yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi metodologi hukum Islam dan teori hukum modern dapat menjadi jalan tengah dalam menjembatani nilai-nilai normatif Islam dengan prinsip-prinsip konstitusional negara modern. Maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah berfungsi sebagai jembatan epistemologis yang memungkinkan lahirnya konstruksi hukum yang adil, inklusif, adaptif, dan responsif terhadap dinamika masyarakat yang plural. Integrasi tersebut juga memperkuat legitimasi hukum tata negara Islam dalam kerangka negara demokratis yang menjunjung tinggi supremasi konstitusi, hak asasi manusia, dan keadilan sosial. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan studi ketatanegaraan Islam melalui pendekatan integratif yang berorientasi pada kemaslahatan, demokrasi, pluralisme hukum, stabilitas konstitusi, dan penguatan nilai-nilai kebangsaan dalam konteks Indonesia kontemporer.