Berkompetisi dalam Kebaikan Perspektif Al-Qur'an dan Hadis: Integrasi Nilai Human Rights, Dinamika Sosial-Ekonomi, dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Keywords:
Fastabiqul Khairāt, Al-Qur'an, Hadith, Human Rights, Socio-EconomicAbstract
Competing in goodness (fastabiqul khairāt) is one of the fundamental ethical principles in Islamic teachings, explicitly mentioned in the Qur'an and reinforced through the prophetic traditions (Hadith). Etymologically, the term refers to a positive race or rivalry toward virtuous deeds, while terminologically it covers a comprehensive social, spiritual, and economic effort to realize the welfare of humankind. This research aims to examine the concept of competing in goodness from the perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith, and to analyze its integration with the values of human rights, socio-economic dynamics, and community welfare. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical and thematic (mawḍū'ī) interpretation, focused on the identification of verses and hadith that emphasize competition in goodness as well as their relevance to contemporary social issues. The data is obtained from primary sources, namely the Qur'anic manuscripts and the canonical Hadith collections (al-Kutub al-Sittah), and from a number of classical commentaries such as Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr, al-Kashshāf, and Tafsīr al-Marāghī, complemented by contemporary works on Islamic ethics, human rights, and welfare economics. Research findings show that the principle of competing in goodness in the Qur'an and Hadith not only functions as a moral-spiritual directive, but also constitutes a normative basis for upholding human dignity (karāmah insāniyyah), encouraging productive socio-economic activity, and realizing collective welfare (falāḥ). Examples of the application are clearly seen in verses such as QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 148, QS. Al-Mā'idah [5]: 48, and QS. Āli 'Imrān [3]: 133, as well as in the hadith of the Prophet on charity, justice, and protection of the weak. This result shows that competing in goodness is not merely a personal piety, but a transformative social project that integrates spiritual devotion with universal human values. This research recommends further studies on the operationalization of fastabiqul khairāt within public policy, philanthropy, and the modern human rights discourse.
Abstrak
Berkompetisi dalam kebaikan (fastabiqul khairāt) merupakan salah satu prinsip etis fundamental dalam ajaran Islam yang disebutkan secara eksplisit dalam Al-Qur'an dan dipertegas melalui tradisi kenabian (Hadis). Secara etimologis, istilah ini merujuk pada perlombaan atau persaingan positif menuju amal-amal kebajikan, sedangkan secara terminologis mencakup upaya sosial, spiritual, dan ekonomi yang komprehensif untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan umat manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti konsep berkompetisi dalam kebaikan dari perspektif Al-Qur'an dan Hadis, serta menganalisis integrasinya dengan nilai-nilai human rights, dinamika sosial-ekonomi, dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dan tafsir tematik (mawḍū'ī), yang difokuskan pada identifikasi ayat-ayat dan hadis yang menekankan kompetisi dalam kebaikan serta relevansinya dengan isu-isu sosial kontemporer. Data diperoleh dari sumber primer yaitu mushaf Al-Qur'an dan kitab-kitab hadis kanonik (al-Kutub al-Sittah), serta sejumlah tafsir klasik seperti Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr, al-Kashshāf, dan Tafsīr al-Marāghī, yang dilengkapi dengan karya kontemporer tentang etika Islam, hak asasi manusia, dan ekonomi kesejahteraan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip berkompetisi dalam kebaikan dalam Al-Qur'an dan Hadis tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai petunjuk moral-spiritual, tetapi juga menjadi landasan normatif bagi penegakan martabat manusia (karāmah insāniyyah), mendorong aktivitas sosial-ekonomi yang produktif, dan mewujudkan kesejahteraan kolektif (falāḥ). Contoh penerapannya terlihat jelas pada ayat-ayat seperti QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 148, QS. Al-Mā'idah [5]: 48, dan QS. Āli 'Imrān [3]: 133, serta dalam hadis Nabi tentang sedekah, keadilan, dan perlindungan kaum lemah. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa berkompetisi dalam kebaikan bukan sekadar saleh personal, melainkan suatu proyek sosial transformatif yang memadukan ibadah spiritual dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan universal. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kajian lebih lanjut mengenai operasionalisasi fastabiqul khairāt dalam kebijakan publik, filantropi, dan diskursus hak asasi manusia modern.
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