Perdamaian Dunia Dalam Perspektif Hadis Tarbawi

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the concepts of islah (reconciliation), peace, diplomacy, ethics of warfare, relations with non-Muslims, and the distribution of war booty (ghanimah) from the perspective of the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ traditions (hadith). The problem addressed is how the hadiths provide guidance for promoting peace, resolving conflicts, maintaining social relations with non-Muslims, and implementing social justice through the distribution of ghanimah. This research employs a library research method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected from the Qur’an, hadith literature, and relevant scholarly sources, and were analyzed using content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the concept of islah in Islam encompasses not only reconciliation and peace but also comprehensive improvement in various aspects of life. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ demonstrated conflict resolution through diplomacy, negotiation, forgiveness, and reconciliation, as reflected in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the Battle of Khandaq, and the Conquest of Makkah. Islam also emphasizes the importance of fulfilling agreements, respecting the rights of non-Muslims, and fostering harmonious and tolerant coexistence. Furthermore, the distribution of ghanimah is based on the principle of social justice to prevent wealth concentration among certain groups and to ensure broader social welfare in accordance with Islamic law.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep islah, perdamaian, diplomasi, etika peperangan, hubungan dengan non-muslim, serta distribusi harta rampasan perang (ghanimah) dalam perspektif hadis Nabi Muhammad ﷺ. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah bagaimana hadis-hadis Nabi memberikan landasan dalam mewujudkan perdamaian, menyelesaikan konflik, menjaga hubungan sosial dengan non-muslim, dan menerapkan keadilan sosial melalui distribusi ghanimah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari Al-Qur’an, hadis-hadis Nabi, serta literatur ilmiah yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis melalui teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep islah dalam Islam tidak hanya bermakna perdamaian, tetapi juga perbaikan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Rasulullah ﷺ mencontohkan penyelesaian konflik melalui diplomasi, negosiasi, pemaafan, dan rekonsiliasi sebagaimana terlihat dalam Perjanjian Hudaibiyah, Perang Khandaq, dan Fathu Makkah. Islam juga mengajarkan pentingnya menepati perjanjian, menghormati hak-hak non-muslim, serta membangun kehidupan yang harmonis dan toleran. Selain itu, distribusi ghanimah dilaksanakan berdasarkan prinsip keadilan sosial agar kekayaan tidak terpusat pada kelompok tertentu, melainkan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat secara luas sesuai ketentuan syariat Islam.